Monday, November 05, 2007

We'll Keep Trying Until We Get It Right part II

The following is a partial list of U.S. military interventions from 1890 to 2003 compiled by Zoltan Grossman. Things like the DEA overflights of southern BC are not counted. Those of us outside of Amerika remember that Iraq is not unique--it's just part of the same old same old of the Amerikan Empire.

Zoltan Grossman is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Wisconsin- Eau Claire (Box 4004, Eau Claire, WI 54701 USA). His peace writings can be seen at http://www.uwec.edu/grossmzc/peace.html


Zoltan Grossman's 'A Century of American Military Interventions from Wounded Knee to Afghanistan'


South Dacota, 1890-?

Troops: 300 Lakota Indians massacred at Wounded Knee


Argentina, 1890

Troops: Buenos Aires interests protected


Chile, 1891

Troops: Marines clash with nationalist rebels


Haiti, 1891

Troops: Black workers' revolt on US-claimed Navassa Island defeated


Idaho, 1892

Troops: Army supresses silver miners' strike


Hawaii, 1893-?

Naval, troops: Independent kingdom overthrown, annexed


Chicago, 1894

Troops: breaking of rail strike, 34 killed


Nicaragua, 1894

Troops: Month-long occupation of Bluesfields


China, 1894-5

Naval, troops: Marines land in Sino-Japanese War


Korea, 1894-6

Troops: Marines kept in Seoul during war


Panama, 1895

Troops, naval: Marines land in Colombian province


Nicaragua, 1896

Troops: Marines land in port of Corinto


China, 1898-1900

Troops: Boxer Rebellion fought by foreign armies


Phillipines, 1898-1910(-?)

Naval, troops: Siezed from Spain, killed 600,000 Filipinos


Cuba, 1898-1902(-?)

Naval, troops: Siezed from Spain, still hold navy base

Puerto Rico, 1898-?

Naval, troops: Siezed from Spain, occupation continues


Guam, 1898-?

Naval, troops: Siezed from Spain, still used as base


Minnesota, 1898-?

Troops: Army battlers Chippewa at Leech Lake


Nicaragua, 1898

Troops: Marines land at port of San Juan del Sur


Samoa, 1899-?

Troops: Battle over succession to throne


Nicaragua, 1899

Troops: Marines land at port of Bluefields


Idaho, 1899-1901

Troops: Army occupies Couer d'Alene mining region


Oklahoma, 1901

Troops: Army battles Creek Indian revolt


Panama, 1901-14

Naval, troops: Broke off from Colombia 1903, annexed Canal Zone 1914-1999


Honduras, 1903

Troops: Marines intervene in revolution


Dominican Republic, 1903-04

Troops: US interests protected in Revolution


Korea, 1904-05

Troops: Marines land in Russo-Japanese War


Cuba, 1906-09

Troops: marines land in democratic election


Nicaragua, 1907

Troops: 'Dollar Diplomacy' protectorate set up


Honduras, 1907

Troops: Marines land during war with Nicaragua



Panama, 1908

Troops: Marines intervene in election contest


Nicaragua, 1910

Troops: Marines land in Bluefields and Corinto


Honduras, 1911

Troops: US interests protected in civil war


China, 1911-41

Naval, troops: Continuous occupation with flare-ups


Cuba, 1912

Troops: US interests protected in Havana


Panama, 1912

Troops: Marines land during heated election


Honduras, 1912

Troops: Marines protect US economic interests


Nicaragua, 1912-33

Troops, bombing: 20-year occupation , fought with guerrillas


Mexico, 1913

Naval: Americans evacuated during revolution


Dominican Republic, 1914

Naval: Fight with rebels over Santo Domingo


Colorado, 1914

Troops: Breaking of miners' strike by Army


Mexico, 1914-18

Naval, troops: Series of interventions against nationalists


Haiti, 1914-34

Troops, bombing: 19-year occupation after revolts


Dominican Republic, 1916-24

Troops: 8-year marine occupation


Cuba, 1917-33

Troops: Military occupation, economic protectorate



World War I, 1917-1918

Naval, troops: Ships sunk, fought Germany


Russia, 1918-22

Naval, troops: five landings to fight Bolsheviks


Panama, 1918-20

Troops: 'Police duty' during unrest after elections


Yugoslavia, 1919

Troops: Marines intervene for Italy against Serbs in Dalmatia


Honduras, 1919

Troops: Marines land during election campaign


Guatemala, 1920

Troops: 2-week intervention against unionists


West Virginia, 1920-21

Troops, bombing: Army intervenes against mineworkers


Turkey, 1922

Troops: fought nationalists in Smyrna (Izmir)


China, 1922-7

Naval, troops: Deployment during nationalist revolt


Honduras, 1924-5

Troops: Landed twice during election strife


Panama, 1925

Troops: Marines supress general strike


China, 1927-34

Troops: Marines stationed throughout the country


El Salvador, 1932

Naval: Warships sent during Faribundo Marti revolt


Washington, DC, 1932

Troops: Army stops WWI vet bonus protest


World War II, 1941-5

Naval, troops, bombing, nuclear: Fought Axis for 3 years; first nuclear war



Detroit, 1943

Troops: Army puts down Black rebellion


Iran, 1946

Nuclear threat: Soviet troops told to leave north (Iranian Azerbaijan)


Yugoslavia, 1946

Naval: Response to shooting-down of US plane


Uruguay, 1947

Nuclear threat: Bombers deployed as a show of strength


Greece, 1947-9

Command operation: US directs extreme right in civil war


China, 1948-9

Troops: Marines evacuate Americans before Communist victory


Germany, 1948

Nuclear threat: Nuclear-capable bombers guard Berlin airlift


Phillipines, 1948-54

Command operation: CIA directs war against Huk Rebellion


Puerto Rico, 1950

Command operation: Indepentence rebellion crushed in Ponce


Korea, 1950-53

Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats: US and South Korea fight China and North Korea to stalemate; A-bomb threat in 1950, and vs. China in 1953. Still have bases


Iran, 1953

Command operation: CIA overthrows democracy, installs Shah


Vietnam, 1954

Nuclear threat: Bombs offered to French to use against siege


Guatemala, 1954

Command operation, bombing, nuclear threat: CIA directs exile invasion after new government nationalizes US company lands; bombers based in Nicaragua


Egypt, 1956

Nuclear threat, troops: Soviets told to keep out of Suez crisis; Marines evacuate foreigners


Lebanon, 1958

Troops, naval: marine occupation against rebels

Iraq, 1958

Nuclear threat: Iraq warned against invading Kuwait


China, 1958

Nuclear threat: China told not to move on Taiwan isles


Panama, 1958

troops: Flag protests erupt into confrontation


Vietnam, 1960-75

Troops, naval, bombing, nuclear threats: Fought South Vietnam revolt and North Vietnam; 1-2 million killed in longest US war; atomic bomb threats in 1968 and 1969


Cuba, 1961

Command operation: CIA-directed exile invasion fails


Germany, 1961

Nuclear threat: Alert during Berlin Wall crisis


Cuba, 1962

Nuclear threat: Naval blockade during missile crisis; near-war with USSR


Laos, 1962

Command operation: Military build-up during guerrilla war


Panama, 1964

Troops: Panamanians shot for urging canal's return


Indonesia, 1965

Command operation: Million killed in CIA-assisted army coup


Dominican Republic, 1965-6

Troops, bombing: Marines land during election campaign


Guatemala, 1966-7

Command operation: Green Berets intervene against rebels


Detroit 1967

Troops: Army battles Blacks, 43 killed


United States 1968

Troops: After King is shot; over 21,000 soldiers in cities


Cambodia, 1969-75

Bombing, troops, naval: Up to 2 million killed in decade of bombing, starvation, and political chaos


Oman, 1970

Command operation: US directs Iranian marine invasion


Laos, 1971-3

Command operation, bombing: US directs South Vietnamese invasion, 'carpet-bombs' countryside


South Dakota 1973

Command operation: Army directs Wounded Knee siege of Lakotas


Middle East, 1973

Nuclear threat: World-wide alert during Middle East War


Chile, 1973

Command operation: CIA-backed coup ousts elected Marxist president


Cambodia, 1975

Troops, bombing, gas: Captured ship, 28 die in helicopter crash


Angola, 1976-92

Command operation: CIA assists South African-backed rebels


Iran, 1980

Troops, nuclear threat, aborted bombing: Raid to rescue Embassy hostages; 8 troops die in helicopter-plane crash. Soviets warned not to get involved in revolution


Libya, 1981

naval jets: Two Libyan jets shot down in manoeuvers


El Salvador, 1981-92

Command operation, troops: Advisors, overflights aid anti-rebel war, soldiers briefly involved in hostage clash


Nicaragua, 1981-90

Command operation, naval: CIA directs exile (Contra) invasions, plants harbour mines against revolution


Lebanon, 1982-4

Naval, bombing, troops: Marines expel PLO and back Phalangists, Navy bombs and shells Muslim and Syrian positions


Hondura, 1983-9

Troops: Manoeuvres help build bases near borders


Grenada, 1983-4

Troops, bombing: Invasion four years after revolution


Iran, 1984

Jets: Two Iranian jets shot down over Persian Gulf


Libya, 1986

Bombing, naval: Air strikes to topple nationalist government


Bolivia, 1986

Troops: Army assists raids on cocaine region


Iran, 1987-8

Naval, bombing: US intervenes on side of Iraq during war


Libya, 1989

Naval jets: Two Libyan jets shot down


Virgin Islands, 1989

Troops: St. Croix Black unrest after storm


Phillipines, 1989

Jets: Air cover provided for government against coup


Panama, 1989-90

Troops, bombing: Nationalist government ousted by 27,000 soldiers, leaders arrested, 2000+ killed


Liberia, 1990

Troops: Foreigners evacuated during civil war


Saudi Arabia. 1990-1

Troops, jets: Iraq countered after invading Kuwait; 540,000 troops also stationed in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Israel


Iraq, 1990-?

Bombing, troops, naval: Blockade of Iraqi and Jordanian ports, air strikes; 200,000+ killed in invasion of Iraq and Kuwait; no-fly zone over Kurdish north, shiite south, large-scale destruction of Iraqi military


Kuwait, 1991

Naval, bombing, troops: Kuwait royal family returned to throne


Los Angeles, 1992

Troops: Army, Marines deployed against anti-police uprising


Somalia, 1992-4

Troops, naval, bombing: US-led United Nations occupation during civil war; raids against one Mogadishu faction


Yugoslavia, 1992-4

naval: NATO blockade of Serbia and Montenegro


Bosnia, 1993-5

Jets, bombing: No-fly zone patrolled in civil war; downed jets, bombed Serbs


Haiti, 1994-6

Troops, naval: Blockade against military government, troops restore President Aristide to office three years after coup


Croatia, 1995

Bombing: Krajina Serb airfields attacked before Croatian offensive


Zaire (Congo), 1996-7

troops: Marines at Rwandan Hutu refugee camps, in area where Congo revolution begins


Liberia, 1997

Troops: Soldiers under fire during evacuation of foreigners


Sudan, 1998

Missiles: Attack on pharmaceutical pland alleged to be 'terrorist' nerve gas plant


Afghanistan, 1998

Milliles: Attack on former CIA training camps used by Islamic fundamentalist groups alleged to have attacked embassies


Iraq, 1998-?

Bombing, missiles: Four days of intensive air strikes after weapons inspectors allege Iraqi obstructions


Yugoslavia, 1999-?

Bombing, missiles: heavy NATO air strikes after Serbia declines to withdraw from Kosovo


Yemen, 2000

Naval: Suicide attack on the USS Cole


Macedonia, 2001

Troops: NATO troops shift and partially disarm Albanian rebels


United States, 2001

Jets, naval: Response to hijacking attacks


Afghanistan, 2001

Massive us mobilization to attack Taliban, bin Laden. War could expand to Iraq, Sudan, and beyond.



Source: http://www.zmag.org/CrisesCurEvts/Interventions.htm



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